Political Science 121 - Happiness Across Civilizations

What is the ultimate goal of the human being? What brings permanent spiritual and physical satisfaction? Can such a thing be achieved? Is happiness a transcendental or temporal state?

Different philosophical schools, religions, sages, and scientific disciplines have tried to answer these questions individually and collectively for thousands of years. In different cultures, happiness has been described as a transcendental spiritual state, such as enlightenment or nirvana, contemplation of God or the divine, and spiritual purity. In others, it has been described as a temporary state, related to immediate satisfaction or pleasure, and it has been used to measure wellbeing and fulfillment in a person’s work life, relationships, and emotional and mental health.

Some of the most impactful answers to questions about happiness appear in the teachings of Lao Tzu, Confucius, and the Buddha; the Greek stoics, hedonists, Plato and Aristotle; Jesus, Muhammad, and their followers; and in the modern era in philosophy, psychology, economics, and public policy. This course presents, situates, critiques, and seeks to articulate the answers contained in these teachings through history and across cultures. We situate each approach in its historical and cultural context and discuss how each one made an impact in its immediate social setting and beyond.

Limited to 20 students. Spring semester. Karl Loewenstein Fellow and Visiting Professor Bitar.