This course examines significant moments in the history of children as creators, performers, consumers, and subjects of music, with a focus on Western Europe and the United States. From Mozart to Michael Jackson, medieval psalmody to playground games and beyond, we will survey the enlisting of children, childhood, and the childlike across a range of musical genres and pedagogical, aesthetic, and cultural-political agendas. For their final project, students may work with a historical artifact of children's musical culture, or research a local children's music program or ensemble.