Independent reading or research. A written report will be required. A full course.

Approval of the Departmental Chair is required.  Fall and spring semesters. The Department.

Earth's climate has varied greatly over geological time but always remained within boundaries that allowed life to exist.  Past climate can be reconstructed from physical and chemical proxies preserved in geological materials: sediment, rocks and fossils.  We will examine common climate proxies and the paleoclimate records that can be derived from them.

A study of igneous and metamorphic processes and environments. Application of chemical principles and experimental data to igneous and metamorphic rocks is stressed. Identification, analysis, and mapping of rocks in laboratory and field. Four hours of class and three hours of laboratory per week.

Requisite: GEOL 271. Spring semester. Professor Cheney.

This course focuses on the history of life as preserved in the sedimentary rock record.  Students will learn how paleontologists and geobiologists use skeletal fossils, molecular fossils, and geochemical signatures to ask and answer questions about the evolution of ancient life and Earth history.  Students will study the origination, radiation, and extinction of major groups of organisms in the context of global environmental change, with an emphasis on invertebrate and microbial life.

For at least 3.5 billion years, the Earth’s surface environment has supported some form of life. What geologic processes first created and now maintain this environment? To what extent has life modified this environment over geologic time? What conditions are necessary for a planet to be conducive to life? What are the natural processes that operate at the Earth’s surface? This course looks at the environment from a geologist’s perspective.