The exploration of similarities and differences in the cultural patterning of human experience. The comparative analysis of economic, political, religious, and family structures, with examples from Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Oceania. The impact of the modern world on traditional societies. Several ethnographic films are viewed in coordination with descriptive case studies. Limited to first years and sophomores. Total enrollment of each section limited to 25.

"Freedom" has long been a defining ideal of U.S. life, passionately desired and intensely contested. This course will investigate freedom in its cultural and social aspects. How did the ideals of freedom become so intimately associated with "America," and specifically with the United States of America? How have various dispossessed peoples ? slaves, immigrants, women, racial and ethnic minorities, colonized populations ? looked to the ideals and practices of U.S. freedom to sustain their hopes and inform their actions?

Tutorial supervision by Smithsonian staff members. Given in Washington, D.C.

This seminar examines the history, functions, theories, and meanings of museums in society, focusing primarily on the changing role of the museum in the digital age. From the emergence of photography in the mid nineteenth century to the ever-expanding use of the Internet today, the notion of the museum in the United States has been and is constantly in flux. While elite art museum officials of the nineteenth century sought primarily to teach and promote ?high?

Individual supervision by a Smithsonian staff member. Given in Washington, D.C.

Admission by permission of the instructor and the director. This is a full-year course.

Admission by permission of the department. Proposals must be submitted in writing to the project director by the end of the first week of classes.

Introduction to a block-structured object oriented high-level programming language. Will cover language syntax and use the language to teach program design, coding, debugging, testing, and documentation. Procedural and data abstraction are introduced. Enrollment limited to 48; 24 per lab section.

A project-oriented study of minerals and the information they contain about planetary processes. The theory and application to mineralogic problems of crystallography, crystal chemistry, crystal optics, x-ray diffraction, quantitative x-ray spectroscopy, and other spectroscopic techniques. The course normally includes a weekend field trip to important geologic localities in the Adirondack Mountains. Prerequisite: 101 and 102, or 108, or FYS 103, or 102 with any other GEO 100 level course. 102 can be taken concurrently. Recommended: CHM 111 or equivalent. Enrollment limited to 20 students.