The use of economic sanctions has grown significantly since the end of World War II. In the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, economic (and financial) sanctions have played an important role not only in US policy but also within the United Nations and European Union, serving as a policy area of transatlantic and international cooperation. Despite the international solidarity, economic sanctions often fail to achieve their goals, and the United States, in particular, has been accused of misusing and misdirecting economic sanctions.

The field of Data Science encompasses methods, processes, and systems that enable the extraction of useful knowledge from data. Foundations of Data Science introduces core data science concepts including computational and inferential thinking, along with core data science skills including computer programming and statistical methods. The course presents these topics in the context of hands-on analysis of real-world data sets, including economic data, document collections, geographical data, and social networks.

The field of Data Science encompasses methods, processes, and systems that enable the extraction of useful knowledge from data. Foundations of Data Science introduces core data science concepts including computational and inferential thinking, along with core data science skills including computer programming and statistical methods. The course presents these topics in the context of hands-on analysis of real-world data sets, including economic data, document collections, geographical data, and social networks.

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Designed to support beginning Italian students and to help them improve their conversational skills. This course offers intensive practice in pronunciation, vocabulary, oral comprehension and conversation. It includes class discussions, role-playing and short oral presentations. Corequisite: ITL 110Y or ITL 111. Enrollment limited to 12.

Ornamental horticulture is an ever changing field adapting to meet consumer trends along with changing to address industry concerns and challenges. This course will explore current topics and issues in the horticulture industry. Topics to be covered will include: substrates, irrigation, pollinators, native plants, invasive plants, edible landscapes, etc.

In this course we will investigate how the natural world operates and examine how societyinteracts with Earth. Class discussions and weekly projects will introduce the major concepts and techniques of earthscience, environmental sciences, and resource management, providing grounding in the geosciences and forming a basisfor the interdisciplinary study of environmental topics. This course will emphasize a hands-on, field- and lab-orientedapproach to earth and environmental science in which students will learn to observe, pose questions, build hypotheses, anddevelop answers.

Students in this course will learn about the biological function of selected human organs and systems through the study of actual medical cases. Not all human systems will be covered, but students will gain a good understanding of how diseases affect the body and how they are diagnosed. Students will develop diagnoses for medical cases through review of descriptions of patient histories, physical exams, and laboratory findings. A human biology text, medical texts on reserve, and Internet resources will help students track down information they need to solve these medical mysteries.