This course explores the causes and consequences of what was arguably the most horrific event in all of history. Topics include both the long-term origins of the Holocaust in European racism and anti-Semitism and the more immediate origins in the dynamics of the Nazi state and the war against the Soviet Union.

This course examines the social, political, economic, and cultural history of the era of Reconstruction and Reunion. We will investigate the forces that drove Reconstruction in the North, South, West, and abroad during and after the U.S. Civil War and the destruction of slavery. We will attend to conflicts over the meanings of freedom and the government's role in securing freedom for its citizens among freed people, white and black northerners, suffragists, white southerners, western farmers, and Native Americans in the postbellum period.

Survey of Russian history from the 9th to the 20th century. Development of absolute, centralized monarchy; Russia's cultural and political interaction with its neighbors, including the Byzantine Empire, the Tartars, Poland, and western Europe.

"The development of the modern world, with particular attention to colonialism, imperialism, and the revolutionary movements for national liberation." (Gen.Ed. HS, G)

"The development of the modern world, with particular attention to colonialism, imperialism, and the revolutionary movements for national liberation." (Gen.Ed. HS, G)

"The development of the modern world, with particular attention to colonialism, imperialism, and the revolutionary movements for national liberation." (Gen.Ed. HS, G)

"The development of the modern world, with particular attention to colonialism, imperialism, and the revolutionary movements for national liberation." (Gen.Ed. HS, G)

"The development of the modern world, with particular attention to colonialism, imperialism, and the revolutionary movements for national liberation." (Gen.Ed. HS, G)

"The development of the modern world, with particular attention to colonialism, imperialism, and the revolutionary movements for national liberation." (Gen.Ed. HS, G)

Ancient Greeks and Romans thought about the world and its inhabitants in racialized categories. Climate, diet, bloodlines, and other factors supposedly made some peoples inherently superior and others immutably inferior. The writings and assumptions behind this racialized thinking were taken up and used by European intellectuals from the Renaissance forward, becoming a poisoned well that informed the formation of racist ideologies, regimes, and policies in twentieth century.