An introduction to the techniques of gathering and analyzing astronomical data, with an emphasis on observations related to determining the size scale of the universe. Telescope design and optics. Instrumentation for imaging, photometry, and spectroscopy. Astronomical detectors. Computer graphics and image processing. Error analysis and curve fitting. Prerequisites: at least one of AST 224, 225, 226, or 228, and one physics course at the 200-level.

Topics Course Pluralism is the general idea that some natural phenomena cannot be fully explained by a single theory or fully investigated using a single approach. Multiple approaches are required. Is a pluralistic approach necessarily only a temporary state of affairs, or are there some phenomena that can never be encompassed within single, comprehensive representation? Should the aims, methods and results of sciences that are currently pluralistic be understood or evaluated in reference to the quest for a fundamental, unified, monistic grail?

An examination of the works of some major moral theorists of the Western philosophical tradition, and their implications for our understanding of the nature of the good life and the sources and scope of our moral responsibilities. Enrollment limited to 25 students.

This is a course for very advanced students of Italian with strong English language skills. Close readings and translations into English of a variety of modern Italian writers and poets: Morante, Ginzburg, Anna Banti, Montale, Eco, Tabucchi, Maraini, Calvino and others. Extensive practice in translating with some theory. Consideration of the renderings into Italian by such famous writers as Pavese and Vittorini. During the second half of the semester students will select a work for independent translation as the major component of their portfolio of translated work.

An introduction to spoken and written Japanese. Emphasis on the development of basic oral proficiency, along with reading and writing skills. Students will acquire knowledge of basic grammatical patterns, strategies in daily communication, hiragana, katakana, and about 90 Kanji. Designed for students with no background in Japanese.

An introduction to spoken and written Japanese. Emphasis on the development of basic oral proficiency, along with reading and writing skills. Students will acquire knowledge of basic grammatical patterns, strategies in daily communication, hiragana, katakana, and about 90 Kanji. Designed for students with no background in Japanese.

Review of grammar and practice and improvement of reading skills through the study of authors such as Plato, Lysias, and Euripides. Prerequisite: 100y.

The first semester of our core chemistry curriculum introduces the language(s) of chemistry and explores atoms, molecules and their reactions. Topics covered include electronic structures of atoms, structure shape and properties of molecules; reactions and stoichiometry. Enrollment limited to 16 per lab section.

Experiments will demonstrate concepts presented in BIO 200 and illustrate techniques and data analysis used in the study of physiology. BIO 200 must be taken concurrently.

Material will build on introductory organic chemistry topics covered in 222 and will focus more heavily on retrosynthetic analysis and multistep synthetic planning. Specific topics include reactions of alkyl halides, alcohols, ethers; aromaticity and reactions of benzene; and cycloaddition reactions including the Diels-Alder reaction. Prerequisite: 222 and successful completion of the 222 lab. Enrollment limited to 16 per lab section.