Spoken Cantonese for Mandarin Speakers I is the first part of a two-part elementary course sequence in Spoken Cantonese for Mandarin Speakers offered through the Five College Center for World Languages. The course format includes intensive independent study, small group conversation sessions led by a peer conversation partner, and an evaluation by an outside evaluator.

Bulgarian I is the first part of a four-part elementary course sequence in Bulgarian offered through the Five College Center for World Languages. The course format includes intensive independent study, small group conversation sessions led by a peer conversation partner, and an evaluation by an outside evaluator. Students studying Bulgarian develop speaking and listening skills needed for study abroad in Bulgaria and engagement with Bulgarian-speaking communities, and to support course work in European Studies and other academic, vocational, and personal goals.

Burmese I is the first part of a four-part elementary course sequence in Burmese offered through the Five College Center for World Languages. The course format includes intensive independent study, small group conversation sessions led by a peer conversation partner, and an evaluation by an outside evaluator. Students studying Burmese develop speaking and listening skills needed for study abroad in Myanmar and engagement with Burmese-speaking communities, and to support course work in Asian Studies and other academic, vocational, and personal goals.

Bangla/Bengali I is the first part of a four-part elementary course sequence in Bangla offered through the Five College Center for World Languages. The course format includes intensive independent study, small group conversation sessions led by a peer conversation partner, and an evaluation by an outside evaluator. Students studying Bangla develop speaking and listening skills needed for study abroad in Bangladesh and India and engagement with Bangla-speaking communities, and to support course work in Asian Studies and other academic, vocational, and personal goals.

Armenian I is the first part of a four-part elementary course sequence in Armenian offered through the Five College Center for World Languages. The course format includes intensive independent study, small group conversation sessions led by a peer conversation partner, and an evaluation by an outside evaluator. Students studying Armenian develop speaking and listening skills needed for study abroad in Armenia and engagement with Armenian-speaking communities, and to support course work in European Studies and other academic, vocational, and personal goals.

Amharic I is the first part of a four-part elementary course sequence in Amharic offered through the Five College Center for World Languages. The course format includes intensive independent study, small group conversation sessions led by a peer conversation partner, and an evaluation by an outside evaluator. Students studying Amharic develop speaking and listening skills needed for study abroad in Ethiopia and engagement with Amharic-speaking communities, and to support course work in African Studies and other academic, vocational, and personal goals.

Albanian I is the first part of a four-part elementary course sequence in Albanian offered through the Five College Center for World Languages. The course format includes intensive independent study, small group conversation sessions led by a peer conversation partner, and an evaluation by an outside evaluator. Students studying Albanian develop speaking and listening skills needed for study abroad in Albania and engagement with Albanian-speaking communities, and to support course work in European and Eurasian Studies and other academic, vocational, and personal goals.

Afrikaans I is the first part of a four-part elementary course sequence in Afrikaans offered through the Five College Center for World Languages. The course format includes intensive independent study, small group conversation sessions led by a peer conversation partner, and an evaluation by an outside evaluator. Students studying Afrikaans develop speaking and listening skills needed for study abroad in South Africa and engagement with Afrikaans-speaking communities, and to support course work in African Studies and other academic, vocational, and personal goals.

Research on problems not related to thesis.