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In 1867, speaking on the topic of Chinese labor in the United States, Frederick Douglass predicted, ?The old question as to what shall be done with [enslaved Black people] will have to give place to the greater question, `what shall be done with the Mongolian.?? Thus rooted in the questions of slavery and who counted as ?free? and rightful citizen of U.S. empire, Black and Asian pairings have exceeded any other comparisons of non-white peoples and have taken on different shapes and aims since Douglass's speech.