An accelerated introduction to Spanish aimed at basic proficiency, emphasizing all modes of communication. The course also serves as an introduction to Hispanic culture. 3 contact hours. Priority will be given to first and second year students.

General grammar review. Selections from Russian texts, not exclusively literary. Prerequisite: 100y or the equivalent. This is a full-year course.

Four class hours. This is a full-year course.

A one-year elementary course in spoken and written Brazilian Portuguese. Emphasis first semester will be on development of oral proficiency and acquisition of reading and writing skills. Second semester will also include the use of music and videos to improve listening comprehension, as well as readings and discussion of short texts by modern writers of the Portuguese-speaking world from Brazil, Portugal, Angola, Mozambique and Cape Verde.

Fundamentals of grammar, with selected readings from Latin authors in the second semester. This is a full-year course. Enrollment limited to 30.

One-year course that covers the basics of Italian language and culture and allows students to enroll in ITL 220, ITL 230 and ITL 231 (in exceptional cases) the following year. Preference given to first-year students. Three class meetings per week plus required weekly multimedia work and a discussion session. Enrollment limited to 20 per section. Students entering in the spring need permission of the department and must take a placement exam. Students must stay in the same section all year.

One-year course that covers the basics of Italian language and culture and allows students to enroll in ITL 220, ITL 230 and ITL 231 (in exceptional cases) the following year. Preference given to first-year students. Three class meetings per week plus required weekly multimedia work and a discussion session. Enrollment limited to 20 per section. Students entering in the spring need permission of the department and must take a placement exam. Students must stay in the same section all year.

One-year course that covers the basics of Italian language and culture and allows students to enroll in ITL 220, ITL 230 and ITL 231 (in exceptional cases) the following year. Preference given to first-year students. Three class meetings per week plus required weekly multimedia work and a discussion session. Enrollment limited to 20 per section. Students entering in the spring need permission of the department and must take a placement exam. Students must stay in the same section all year.

A year-long course that will include both the fundamentals of grammar and, in the second semester, selected readings from ancient authors, including the New Testament.

An examination of current macroeconomic policy issues, including the short and long-run effects of budget deficits, the determinants of economic growth, causes and effects of inflation, and the effects of high trade deficits. The course will focus on what, if any, government (monetary and fiscal) policies should be pursued in order to achieve low inflation, full employment, high economic growth, and rising real wages.